PARTIES
TO
DISPUTE
QUESTION AT ISSUE:
Arbitration Pursuant to Article I, Section 11
of New York Dock Labor Protective Conditions
The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway
Compaay - Eastern and Western Lines,excluding Northern and Southern Divisions
and
The United Transportation Union (CT&Y-E)
Have the former employes of the Toledo, Peoria and
Western Railway, currently the Peoria Subdivision of
the Illinois Division, been adversely affected by a
transaction as contemplated by the provisions of
Finance Docket 28250, New York Dock?
DECISION
HISTORY OF DISPUTE:
In December of 1979 the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway
Company (Santa Fe) and the Pennsylvania Company (Pennco) each owned
fifty per cent of the Toledo, Peoria and Western Railroad Company (TP&W).
At that time TP&W was a regional railroad operating between Keokuk, Iowa
and Logansport, Indiana. TP&W generally served Peoria and Central Illinois
and operated as a bridge carrier between eastern and western railroads
two of which were the Santa Fe in the west and the Consolidated Rail
Corporation (Conrail) in the east. Fifty per cent of TP&W's revenues were
derived from its operations as a bridge carrier.
On December 20, 1979 the Santa Fe petitioned the Interstate
Commerce Commission (ICC) for approval to acquire Pennco's fifty per cent
interest in TP&W. Through this transaction Santa Fe would acquire complete
control of TP&W. However, TP&W would remain a separate operating railroad
with its own management.
On October 14, 1980 the Staggers Rail Act became law the general
purpose of which was to deregulate the railroad industry. As part of the
statutory scheme carriers could cancel joint rates and routes more easily.
On December 17, 1980 in its Decision in Finance Docket No. 29217
the ICC granted the Santa Fe's application to acquire control of TP&W. The
ICC conditioned the exercise of the authority granted Santa Fe upon application of the employee protective conditions set forth in New York Dock Ry.Control-Brooklyn Eastern Dist., 360 I.C.C. 60 (1979) (New York Dock Conditions).
Utilizing the provisions of the Staggers Act, Conrail moved to
cancel most of its joint routes through approximately 100 interterritorial
gateways effective July 25, 1981. As part of that move Conrail canceled its
December 9, 1975 traffic agreement with TP&W and virtually eliminated
Logansport, Indiana as an interchange junction. Thereafter, interchange
traffic between Conrail and Santa Fe was rerouted through Streator Junction.
TP&W's bridge traffic fell dramatically as did TP&W's annual revenues.
On July 24, 1984 TP&W and a number of other affected carrifrs
protested Conrail's action to the ICC. On March 18, 1982 in Decision No.
38676 the ICC found with respect to TP&W's objection that it could not reach
a majority decision within the prescribed time limit and,accordingly, that
the Commission would not disturb the route changes effectuated by Conrail.
Apparently both the Santa Fe and TP&W accepted the ICUs decision.
TP&W's President stated in a TP&W publication dated April 15, 1982 that
"[W]e and the Santa Fe have invested an enormous amount of money and legal,
data processing and other resources and have concluded that further appeals
would be futile."
However, other carriers adversely affected by Conrail's route
alterations successfully challenged the ICUs Decision in Chesapeake and
Ohio Ry. Co. v United States, 704 F. 2nd 373 (7th Cir. 1983). The Court
found that Conrail's case before the ICC was not supported by substantial
evidence and remanded the case to the Commission for further consideration.
Meanwhile on August 1, 1983 Santa Fe and TP&W filed a notice of
exemption with the ICC proposing to merge the TP&W into the Santa Fe
effective January 1, 1984. In a Decision on August 17, 1983 in Finance
Docket No. 30249 the Commission approved the merger. TP&W became the
"Peoria District" of the Santa Fe. The Commission imposed the New York
Dock Conditions for the protection of any Santa Fe or TP&W employee
affected by the transaction.
In anticipation of the merger the parties entered into negotiations
pursuant to Article I, Section 4 of the New York Dock Conditions for an
implementing agreement. The parties reached such agreement on September 14,
1983 to become effective December 31, 1983.
By notice dated June 7, 1984 the Carrier discontinued trains
LIL41-LIL42 which were known as the Conrail connection. By notice of
June 10, 1984 the Carrier discontinued train numbers 223 and 322 servicing
the Carrier's TOFC operation at Hoosier Lift, Indiana which had been
established by the Carrier in November 1983.
By letters of June 11 and July 15, 1984 the organization alleged
that the abolishment of the foregoing assignments was a result of the
merger of TP&W into Santa Fe, and that the abolishments had adversely
affected all employees in train and engine service. The July 11 letter
advised that those employees would submit claims for displacement allowances
under the New York Dock Conditions, and the July 15 letter requested test
period earnings for all employees.
By letter of July 24, 1984 the Carrier denied that the discontinuance
of t::e :.rains :gas a result of the merger.
Thereafter, the parties exchanged correspondence and had direct
discussions concerning the dispute. However, both parties adhered to their
respective positions. By the end of March 1985 the Organization had filed
numerous claims seeking either "displacement allowances" or "protective
allowances" as provided in the New York Dock Conditions. The Carrier denied
all such claims.
In April 1985 the Organization sought to establish a Public Law
Board pursuant to Section 3, Second of the Railway Labor Act, 45 U.S.C.
§152, Second, to resolve the dispute. However, the Carrier declined on
the ground that the dispute was justiciable through the arbitration processes
of Article I, Section 11 of the New York Dock Conditions.
Eventually the parties agreed to arbitration under Article I,
Section 11 of the New York Dock Conditions. Pursuant to Section 11 (a)
the parties established this Arbitration Committee, designated the partisan
members thereof and selected a Chairman and Neutral Member by August of 1986.
On September 5, 1986 the ICC issued its Decision in Finance
Docket No. 38676 in the case remanded to the Commission by the United States
Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit in 1983. The Commission decided
that Conrail had failed to overcome the deficiencies identified by the
Court of Appeals. The ICC found that Conrail's 1981 cancellation of joint
rates applicable to the affected routes was not in the public interest.
However, the Commission declined to reestablish such joint rates and
directed Conrail to negotiate with the protestants for 180 days after
which, failing settlement, the Commission will entertain requests for the
prescription of new rates.
Hearings were held before this Arbitration Committee in Chicago,
Illinois on November 19, 1986. The parties agreed to extend the time
specified in Article I, Section 11(c) within which this Committee must
render its Decision in this case.
PARTIES' POSITIONS:
The Organization
maintains that
the employees were adversely
affected by the control and merger transactions authorized by the ICC,
both of which were made subject to the New York Dock Conditions.
The Organization argues that when Santa Fe gained control of
the TP&W that action destroyed TP&W's neutrality. Accordingly, urges
the Organization, Conrail reacted by terminating its traffic agreement
with TP&W and abrogating its routes. As a result of Conrail's actions
Logansport was eliminated as an interchange junction and traffic was
rerouted through Streator Junction. Such rerouting, alleges the Organization,
resulted in substantial decline in revenues and consequent job losses for
train and engine employees.
Moreover, argues the Organization, such rerouting was a major
factor behind the merger of TP&W into the Santa Fe. In this regard the
Organization emphasizes that the Santa Fe ceased to oppose the rerouting
in 1982 as a prelude to the merger. The Organization also emphasizes that
despite the terms of the September 14, 1983 implementing agreement that no
operational changes adversely affecting employees would result from the
merger and that employees would continue to protect their assignments, the
Carrier substantially rearranged employee forces thereafter. The Organization maintains that in view of Santa Fe's need to cut costs and to turn a
profit the merger adversely affected service to shippers along the TP&W line
thus reducing traffic. The Organization points to the fact that all crafts
on the TP&W except employees represented by the Organization have been
afforded the protective benefits of the New York Dock Conditions as a
result of the merger and that the employees represented by the Organization
deserve the same.
Pointing to correspondence from the Organization asserting that
the discontinuance of the trains at issue in this case was a result of the
merger, the Carrier contends even the Organization acknowledges that none
of the employees represented by the Organization were adversely affected
as the result of Santa Fe obtaining control of the TP&W. Nor, argues
the Carrier, were any such employees adversely affected by the merger.
The Carrier argues that the Conrail connection was abolished due
to the sharp decline in bridge traffic resulting from Conrail's actions
pursuant to the Staggers Rail Act. The Carrier urges that the two trains
servicing Hoosier Lift were eliminated simply because the five to thirteen
cars generated by business at Hoosier Lift could be handled roost efficiently
and economically by a single train rather than two trains. Accordingly,
argues the Carrier, abolishment of the assignment servicing Hoosier Lift as
well as the Conrail connection was the result of factors other than the merger.
Citing numerous arbitration awards the Carrier maintains that
as part of the Organization's burden of proof under Section 11(e) of the
New York Dock Conditions it must establish a "causal nexus" between a
transaction and the adverse effect upon an employee. In the instant case,
argues the Carrier, the Qrganization has alleged numerous adverse effects
upon the employees it represents, but in no instance has the Organization
established a causal nexus between such effects and either the control or
merger transactions. In this regard the Carrier attacks the sufficiency
of the numerous claims filed by the Organization for- displacement or other
protective allowances on the grounds that the claims do not identify a
transaction or specify the pertinent facts related to that transaction
which support the claims.
The Carrier agrees with the Organization that the major factor
contributing to the decline in TP&W's revenues and the loss of jobs was
the drastic reduction in bridge traffic. However, emphasizes the Carrier,
that factor resulted from the actions of Conrail over which the Carrier
had no control. Additionally, urges the Carrier, while Conrail's actions
may have been the most significant factor contributing to the decline in
business on TP&W, it was not the only factor. The Carrier points out that
business from Caterpillar Tractor Company, a major customer of TP&W,
dropped twenty-eight per cent between 1984 and 1985. The Carrier points
to even more dramatic drops in the level of business from other customers
of TP&W during the same period. The Carrier emphasizes that the Santa Fe
experienced a similar loss of business.
The Carrier maintains that although cars previously interchanged
between Conrail and the TP&W were rerouted via Streator Junction, statistics
show that between 1979 and 1985 there was a twenty-eight per cent decrease
in the number of cars interchanged between Santa Fe and Conrail at that
location. Accordingly, urges the Carrier, there is no basis for the
argument that all traffic previously interchanged between TP&W and Conrail
at Logansport was simply rerouted through Streator Junction.
Pointing to several arbitration awards the Carrier maintains that
adverse effects which are the result_4* a decline in business or business
fluctuations are not the result of a transaction. The Carrier urges the
same finding from this Committee in the instant case.
FINDINGS:
As both parties recognize this case turns upon Article I,
Section 11 (e) of the New York Dock Conditions which provides:
In the event of any dispute as to whether or not a
particular employee was affected by a transaction, it
shall be his obligation to identify the transaction
and specify the pertinent facts of that transaction
relied upon. It shall then be the railroad's burden
to prove that factors other than a transaction
affected the employee.
It is well established that, as part of the Organization's burden under
Section 11 (e) it must establish a "causal nexus" between a transaction
and the adverse effect upon an employee. If the Organization cannot do
so it fails to meet its burden under Section 11(e).
In the instant case the Organization presented an exhaustive
analysis of the dispute before us,. apparently leaving no stone unturned
in an effort to substantiate its position. Pursuant to the requirements of
Section 11(e) the Organization identifies two transactions and particularizes
numerous facts which the Organization contends link the adverse effects
upon the employees it represents to one of the transactions. Chief among
these is the fact that Conrail by abrogating its routes and rates with
TP&W caused a drastic reduction in TP&W's work as a bridge carrier with
consequential reduction in revenues for TPW. Both parties recognize this
fact and the Organization maintains that it was responsible for not only
the abolishment of the Conrail connection but the abolishment of the two
trains servicing Hoosierlift.
However, we can find no causal nexus or connection between the
loss of TP&W's bridge business and either of the transactions cited by the
Organization. Although TP&W may have lost its neutrality when Santa Fe
gained control of it and its identity when it was merged into Santa Fe,
there is insufficient evidence to conclude that fact caused Conrail to
terminate its rates and routes with TP&W. Conrail took identical action
with respect to a number of other carriers involving over one hundred
gateways. Conrail was acting pursuant to and with the encouragement of
the Staggers Rail Act of 1980. The record before us strongly indicates
that statute rather than TP&W's alleged loss of neutrality was the
proximate cause of Conrail's action.
It follows that all consequences of Conrail's action, including
the abrogation of its traffic agreement with TP&W and the rerouting of
traffic through Streator Junction,were not the result of either transaction.
If rerouting in fact was a major factor in the merger 'transaction, then
the merger would appear to have been the result of the rerouting and not
the cause of it. We find no significance to the fact that Santa Fe and
TP&W ceased to oppose the rerouting of traffic. We believe the reasons
advanced by the President of. TP&W were quite realistic when he made them.
Moreover, we find little basis for the Organization's assertion that a loss
of business from shippers along the TP&W line was a result of the merger.
The record before us indicates that a general decline in business forced
a reduction in the level of rail service. As the Carrier points out,
Santa Fe experienced reductions in business during the same period.
We do not believe the Organization's position is well taken that
the September 14, 1983 implementing agreement was violated when the Carrier
reduced its employee forces. That agreement applies only to Carrier actions
which are the result of the merger which is the essence of the question
at issue in this case. Moreover, the provision in the agreement that
employees will continue to protect their assignments cannot be construed,
as the Organization would have us do, to imply attrition protection. The
fact that jobs were rearranged after the agreement is inconsequential unless
there is substantial evidence establishing that such rearrangements were
the result of the merger. We find no such evidence.
While it may be true that all crafts other than the employees
represented by the Organization have been afforded protective benefits
under the New York Dock Conditions, it does not follow that the employees
represented by the Organization have been wrongfully denied those benefits.
That conclusion may be drawn only in the event the Organization can establish
that the adverse effect upon the employees it represents is the result of
one of the two transactions.
Although the Organization has pointed to two transactions and
identified several factors establishing adverse impact upon the employees
the Organization represents, the Organization has failed to establish
the causal nexus between such adverse impact and either of the transactions.
Accordingly, the Organization has not met the burden imposed upon it by
Article I, Section 11 (e) of the New York Dock Conditions.
However, even if it is assumed that the Organization has met
its burden of proof under Section 11(e), we believe the Carrier has
established that factors other than a transaction affected the employees.
It must be borne in mind that the claims before us were generated
by the Carrier's abolishment of the Conrail connection and the two trains
servicing the Hoosier Lift operation.Even the Organization acknowledges
that both abolishments resulted from Conrail's cancellation of its rates
and routes with TP&W, a factor which we have found is unrelated to either
transaction.
In the final analysis we find insufficient evidence to connect the
adverse impact upon the employees represented by the Organization with
either transaction.
AWARD
The question at issue is answered in the negative.
William E. Fredenberger, J
e.
Chairman and Neutral Member
Harrell
:arrier Member
DATED: January 23, 1987
C. Bryant
Employee Member